與巨人同行:來自中國的“避孕藥之父”
口服避孕藥雖不治病救人,卻被譽為影響人類進程的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)。福布斯(Forbes)雜志在2007年曾將發(fā)明口服避孕藥的平卡斯團隊中的三人與萬維網(wǎng)、DNA雙螺旋、芯片設計、磁共振成像、星球大戰(zhàn)拍攝技巧、集裝箱等的發(fā)明者,稱為改變世界的15人。在創(chuàng)造這些奇跡的“巨人”中,就有一位來自中國的科學家。
張民覺(圖源:onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
“避孕藥之父”和“避孕藥之母”
卡爾·杰拉西(圖源:Wikipedia)
平卡斯的團隊中,有三人被稱為“避孕藥之父”:平卡斯,全面協(xié)調(diào),對外聯(lián)系和整體運作;約翰·洛克(John Rock, 1890-1984 )負責藥物臨床實驗和推廣;張民覺(Min Chueh Chang,1908-1991)完成動物實驗和藥物的篩選。
平卡斯團隊:平卡斯(左),張民覺(中),洛克(右)(圖源:Forbes May 24, 2007)
張民覺來自中國。
1908年10月10號,張民覺(字幼先)出生于中國嵐縣敦厚鄉(xiāng)(今王獅鄉(xiāng))艾蒿溝,1929年太原第一師范肄業(yè)考取北京清華大學動物心理系,1933年獲清華大學動物心理學學士,畢業(yè)后留校任教,1938年通過中英庚子賠款留學考試后前往英國,1941年獲劍橋大學博士學位。1945到美國,在那里一直生活到1991年去世。
青年張民覺(圖源:Wikipedia)
1954年 艾伯特·拉斯克獎(Albert Lasker Award) 1961年 美國生育學會奧托勛章(Ortho Medal) 1970年 生殖研究學會卡爾·哈特曼獎(Carl G. Hartman Award) 1971年 英國生育研究會馬歇爾獎(Marshall Award) 1975年 美國科學與藝術科學院弗朗西斯·阿莫里獎(Francis AmoryPrize) 1980年 國際胚胎移植學會先鋒獎(PioneerAward) 1987年 美國計劃生育聯(lián)合會科學研究獎(WIPPMANAward) 1987年 第五屆國際體外授精及胚胎移植大會杰出研究獎(The Award for Distinguished Research)
師承巨匠
緣遇平卡斯
20世紀50年代WFEB指示牌(圖源:Wikipedia)
第一個大滿貫——發(fā)現(xiàn)“精子獲能機理”
第二個大滿貫——參與開發(fā)“口服避孕藥”
桑格(圖源:Wikipedia)
凱瑟琳(圖源:Wikipedia)
第三個大滿貫——完成“體外受精”研究
傳奇的一生
葉落歸根
平卡斯、洛克和張民覺各自簽名的照片(圖源:Wikipedia)
左:張民覺之墓;中:山景公墓;右:平卡斯之墓
左:張民覺家鄉(xiāng)墓碑(圖源:戴中剛攝影);右:張民覺在嵐縣廣場的雕像(圖源:百度照片)
左:WFEB初期中心辦公室兼實驗室;中:張民覺樓門廳;右:張民覺樓
在創(chuàng)造這些奇跡的“巨人”中,就有來自中國的張民覺。
參考資料
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