麻省理工學(xué)院教授張鋒：應(yīng)暫停將基因編輯的胚胎植入母體
麻省理工學(xué)院教授、博德研究所研究員張鋒
翻譯 | 孫睿晨
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關(guān)于基因編輯嬰兒，CRISPR技術(shù)前驅(qū)、麻省理工學(xué)院教授、博德研究所研究員張鋒發(fā)表聲明：
雖然我能理解人類免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）對全球公共衛(wèi)生健康所造成的威脅，但是在現(xiàn)階段對人類胚胎進(jìn)行CCR5基因敲除的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其所帶來的收益，尤其因?yàn)槭沁@種操作的其中一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是可能導(dǎo)致缺失了CCR5基因的攜帶者更易感染西尼羅病毒。而且，更重要的是，我們已經(jīng)有了非常有效并常見的阻斷母嬰之間的HIV病毒傳播的手段 （所以敲除CCR基因所帶來的真正收益有待商榷）。
目前正在進(jìn)行的CCR5臨床試驗(yàn)的目的是將基因編輯過的胚胎植入母體。鑒于基因編輯技術(shù)目前的技術(shù)水平，我認(rèn)為， 在對將基因編輯過的胚胎植入母體的各項(xiàng)安全性有更全面周到的考量之前，應(yīng)該暫停將這樣的胚胎植入母體，
這項(xiàng)臨床試驗(yàn)不僅存在很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而且缺乏必要的信息公開和程序公開，這讓我非常擔(dān)憂。所有醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步，特別是涉及到弱勢群體的技術(shù)，不管是否與基因編輯相關(guān)，都需要經(jīng)過謹(jǐn)慎而全面周全的檢驗(yàn)和經(jīng)過包含了患者、醫(yī)者、學(xué)者，以及社會中的其他成員參與的公開討論，并且最后以公平合理的方式實(shí)施。
2015年，國際科研界曾發(fā)表聲明：在沒有達(dá)成廣泛的社會共識之前，對生殖細(xì)胞進(jìn)行基因編輯是非常不負(fù)責(zé)任的。（該聲明公布于2015年的第一屆國際人類基因編輯峰會）
我真誠的希望這次峰會（將于2018年11月27-29日舉辦的第二屆國際人類基因編輯峰會）能夠提供一個(gè)對該事件（基因編輯嬰兒）及其影響進(jìn)行深入探討的論壇，并對基因編輯技術(shù)如何才能最好的造福國際社會提供指導(dǎo)性意見。
張鋒原文聲明
Although I appreciate the global threat posed by HIV, at this stage, the risks of editing embryos to knock out CCR5 seem to outweigh the potential benefits, not to mention that knocking out of CCR5 will likely render a person much more susceptible for West Nile Virus.
Just as important, there are already common and highly-effective methods to prevent transmission of HIV from a parent to an unborn child.
Given the current state of the technology, I'm in favor of a moratorium on implantation of edited embryos. which seems to be the intention of the CCR5 trials, until we have come up with a thoughtful set of safety requirements first.
Not only do I see this as risky, but I am also deeply concernd about the lack of transparency surrounding this trial. All medical advances, gene editing or otherwise and particularly those that impact vulnerable populations, sould be cautiously and thoughfully tested, discussed openly with patients, physicians, scientists, and other community members, and implemented in an equitable way.
In 2015, the international research community said it would be irrespoinsible to proceed with any germline editing without "broad societal consensus about the appropriateness of the
proposed application." (This was the consensus statement from the 2015 international summit on human gene editing.)
It is my hope that the upcoming summit will serve as a forum for deeper conversations about the implications of this news and provide guidance on how we as a global society can best benefit from gene editing.
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